• Introduction Glucose is the most important energy

  2021-09-07

  

  Introduction Glucose is the most important energy carrier of the brain. Glucose transporter type 1 (Glut1) is located at the blood–brain barrier and assures the energy-independent, facilitative transport of glucose into the brain [1]. Twelve transmembrane segments of the protein and an intracellula

• br Conclusion br Ethics statements file br Conflict of

  2021-09-07

  

  Conclusion Ethics statements file Conflict of interest Acknowledgements This study was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) Grant funded by the Korean Government (MSIP) (Nos. 2011-0030074 and 2018R1D1A3B07050361) and Sookmyung Women’s University Specialization Pro

• The effects of galanin on anxiety may depend on the

  2021-09-06

  

  The effects of galanin on anxiety may depend on the site of drug administration, on the galanin receptor subtypes activated and on the animal models of anxiety employed (Barrera et al., 2005, Holmes and Picciotto, 2006, Soares et al., 2016a, Soares et al., 2016b). For instance, administration of gal

• Piroxicam belongs to the oxicam family of NSAIDs

  2021-09-06

  

  Piroxicam belongs to the oxicam family of NSAIDs and a special attention has been drawn to this drug because of its multifunctional potential [5], [27], [28]. Chemically, piroxicam (4-hydroxy-2-methyl-N-2-pyrimidyl-2H-1,2-benzothiazine-3-carboxyamide) is an enolic braf inhibitor with a size compara

• Receptor tyrosine kinases RTKs consist of subfamilies in hum

  2021-09-06

  

  Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) consist of 20 subfamilies in humans, all of which share a common structure consisting of extracellular ligand-binding region, a single-pass transmembrane domain and an intracellular tyrosine kinase domain [2]. Binding of a growth factor to the ligand-binding domain r

• Hardy et al had demonstrated the role

  2021-09-06

  

  Hardy et al. had demonstrated the role of GPR40 in mediating the proliferative effect of the FFA oleate's in breast cancer cells, and found that such effect can be reversed by silencing of GPR40 [14]. Similarly we have observed that inhibition of GPR40 function by its antagonist GW1100 inhibited cel

• br GSK Glycogen synthase kinase GSK is a ubiquitous serine

  2021-09-06

  

  GSK-3 Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is a ubiquitous serine/threonine kinase that is involved in multiple signaling pathways that are crucial for cellular metabolism and proliferation (Doble and Woodgett, 2003, Frame and Cohen, 2001, Grimes and Jope, 2001, Woodgett, 1990). GSK-3 is known to d

• KYNA has been shown to regulate iNKT cytokine release

  2021-09-06

  

  KYNA has been shown to regulate iNKT cytokine release (Fallarini et al., 2010) and at high concentrations to reduce LPS-induced TNFα release from cultured peripheral blood mononuclear ptc chemical australia (Wang et al., 2006). Our results show that elevating KYNA to “exercised” levels is sufficien

• Firstly the impact on activity and

  2021-09-06

  

  Firstly, the impact on activity and selectivity was made by replacing the 2, 3-di-F substitution of ring A with 2,3-OCHO- () and 2-NO () substitutions, and replacing the 3, 5-di-F substitution of ring B with 3,5-di-OMe () and 3,5-di-Me () substitutions. Compound kept moderate activity (EC = 220 nM)

• Recent studies revealed that synthetic

  2021-09-03

  

  Recent studies revealed that synthetic oligomeric Aβ1-42 decreased GLT-1 expression and promoted mislocalization of GLT-1 from the cell surface of primary astrocytes, leading to glutamate dyshomeostasis in synapses (Abdul et al., 2009, Scimemi et al., 2013). To address the cause for reduction of ast

• A number of models have been

  2021-09-03

  

  A number of models have been proposed in order to explain the mechanisms of protein transport through nuclear pore complexes. One theory is that the transport is mediated by specific peptide signals known as NLSs. The classical NLSs are short sequences containing a high proportion of the positively

• br Financial support This work

  2021-09-03

  

  Financial support This work was supported by Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (Equipe labellisée, DEQ20150331724), Inserm, University of Lille, and Agence Nationale pour la Recherche (ANR-10-LBEX-46 and ANR-10-INBS-08; ProFI project, “Infrastructures Nationales en Biologie et Santé”; “Investi

• Endothelial cells receive a variety

  2021-09-03

  

  Endothelial cells receive a variety of information from the environment which finally guides them through all phases of neovascularization. Angiogenic signals enhance the proliferation of endothelial cells, upregulated resistance to apoptosis, alterations within proteolytic balance, reorganization o

• In addition to the four classical FGFRs there is an

  2021-09-03

  

  In addition to the four classical FGFRs there is an additional receptor, FGFR like-1 (FGFRL1, also known as FGFR5) (Ornitz and Itoh, 2015, Trueb et al., 2003). FGFRL1 gene was discovered in a cartilage specific cDNA library in 2000 (Trueb, 2011, Trueb et al., 2003) and thereafter it has been found i

• The site of metastasis in breast

  2021-09-03

  

  The site of metastasis in breast cancer often contributes to the patient’s OS. Patients with bone metastasis from their breast cancer often have a notably increased survival over patients with visceral or TG-101348 metastasis. In this analysis, ER+/HER2+ patients were noted to have a higher rate of

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