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The corticotropin releasing factor CRF also
2021-08-25
The corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) also referred to as corticotropin-releasing hormone, is a key mediator of mammalian endocrine, behavioral, autonomic, and immune responses to stress (Vale et al., 1981, Owens and Nemeroff, 1991, Bale and Vale, 2004). Within the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal
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The quantification and monitoring of
2021-08-24
The quantification and monitoring of ChEs enzymatic activities have traditionally been associated to environmental studies in order to diagnose the exposure of non-target organisms to specific anti-cholinesterasic agents (Nunes, 2011). The importance of these enzymes as biomarkers of environmental c
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br Acetylcholinesterase and cholinergic signaling
2021-08-24
Acetylcholinesterase and cholinergic signaling The concept of a synapse between a neuron and an innervated cell, and the receptors that mediated their interaction, was developed by Bernard, Ehrlich, Sherrington, Langley and others (see [7], [8], [9]. It was long debated whether transmission of ne
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It is common for plants
2021-08-24
It is common for plants that are deficient in P to invest in their roots in order to maximise P uptake from the soil. Here, plants grown in soil amended with OA had a higher root biomass:shoot sodium butyrate sale ratio compared with plants in the INORG-P treatment. Additionally, greater allocation
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Diagnosis of NCC can be accomplished via imaging techniques
2021-08-24
Diagnosis of NCC can be accomplished via imaging techniques and serological confirmatory testing. The best immunodiagnostic test for NCC, the enzyme-linked immunotransfer blot EITB (Tsang et al., 1989), is based on the detection of CCK-8 mg to one or more of the 7 lentil-lectin glycoproteins (LLGP)
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br Introduction Rheumatoid arthritis RA is a chronic
2021-08-24
Introduction Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic inflammatory disease that can be divided in at least two subsets based on the presence of antibodies to citrullinated proteins (ACPAs) [1]. Importantly, such ACPA target proteins [[2], [3], [4], [5]] also represent candidate autoantige
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143 93 In addition to vasoconstrictor actions acute
2021-08-24
In addition to vasoconstrictor actions (acute effects), ET-1 exerts potent mitogenic actions on vascular smooth muscle cells and cardiac myocytes (chronic effects), hence causing vascular and cardiac hypertrophy [19,24,25]. These effects are mediated via stimulation of either ETA or ETB receptors, a
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In summary this is the first report
2021-08-24
In summary, this is the first report describing the enzymatic characteristics, binding activity and localization of T. solium enolase. Here we demonstrate that Tseno gene possesses classical features of enolase family with highly conserved active sites, Mg2+ binding and plasminogen-binding motifs. T
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The generation of ROS in addition to eliciting oxidative str
2021-08-24
The generation of ROS, in addition to eliciting oxidative stress, is an important proapoptotic signal (Ott et al., 2007). Apoptosis is clearly associated with the production of ROS, since ROS generation occurs in the mitochondrial respiratory chain and disturbs mitochondrial homeostasis, which plays
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The expression of cytokine inducible genes is
2021-08-24
The expression of cytokine-inducible genes is mediated by a number of components within the cell. It has been shown that Jak2 and the Ras/Raf/MAP kinase signaling cascades are required for the expression of DUB-1[9], [29]. However, the enhancer domain of DUB-1 lacks a consensus sequence for Stat bin
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Preparation of the regioisomeric pyridooxazepinones and was
2021-08-23
Preparation of the regioisomeric pyridooxazepinones 10 and 11 was accomplished utilizing the synthetic sequence depicted in Scheme 3. Amide coupling of 63 and Doxofylline chloride 64 afforded amide 65. Removal of the alcohol protecting group, followed by base catalyzed cyclization afforded a 1:2.4
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The collagen binding membrane proteins discoidin
2021-08-23
The collagen-binding membrane proteins, discoidin domain receptors 1 and 2 (DDR1 and DDR2) belong to the family of receptor tyrosine kinase and are expressed in a variety of mammalian cells.7, 8 These transmembrane glycoproteins (∼125 kDa) have been found to be over-expressed or atypically expressed
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any social pitfall The significant CRF increase in the DS an
2021-08-23
The significant CRF increase in the DS and the overall changes in the CRF system observed in the VM and DS during the development of sensitization suggest that this neuropeptide (and possibly urocortin) contributes to the specific molecular alterations occurring in the mesolimbic pathway that suppor
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ClC is not only a
2021-08-23
ClC-3 is not only a chloride ion channel but also a regulatory protein involved in the regulation of multiple signaling pathways. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway plays a crucial role in regulating cell growth, migration, invasion, and distant metastasis [13,14]. Although abnormal PI3K/AKT/mTOR a
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Interestingly selective ETA blockade increased cutaneous blo
2021-08-23
Interestingly, selective ETA blockade increased cutaneous blood flow as measured by laser Doppler fluxmetry. This is a measure of total blood flow in the different vessels in the skin including venules, CRT0044876 as well as arterioles. This finding is in accordance with the previous demonstration
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