• In addition AMPK reduces protein synthesis

  2024-11-12

  

  In addition, AMPK reduces protein synthesis and stimulates apoptotic and autophagic pathways through the inhibition of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), which regulates cellular metabolic homeostasis, insulin secretion, insulin resistance, autophagy and apoptosis (Maiese, 2016). mTOR is th

• Cell surface metalloproteases coordinate signaling

  2024-11-12

  

  Cell surface metalloproteases coordinate signaling during development, tissue homeostasis, and disease. A disintegrin and metalloprotease 17 (ADAM17) is a well-characterized member among ADAM family, which mediates the cleavage of various cell surface proteins (Black, 2002, Black et al., 1997, Dello

• In this report we introduce a

  2024-11-12

  

  In this report, we introduce a new method for identifying aminopeptidases. Because single substrates can be insufficient for enzyme identification, we used an entire library of substrates to obtain more information about enzyme activity and to directly detect aminopeptidases. Moreover, substrates ca

• Interestingly intermittent high doses of AKT inhibitors

  2024-11-12

  

  Interestingly, intermittent high doses of AKT inhibitors have been shown to be a more effective strategy both clinically and pre-clinically. High doses appear to be required for induction of apoptosis and intermittent schedules overcome the low therapeutic index of these compounds. This is particula

• Young et al described the

  2024-11-12

  

  Young et al. [40] described the role of adenine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in the translocation of GLUT4 in the heart. The AMPK is activated during muscle contraction [74] by converting AMP to ATP. The adenosine analog, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR), is a c

• br Conclusion br Conflict of Interest br Author

  2024-11-12

  

  Conclusion Conflict of Interest Author Contributions Acknowledgements This work was supported by a research grant (SR/50/AS-14/2012) from the Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi, India to CMC and CSIR Senior Research Fellowship (09/013(0339)/2010-EMR-I) to SB. Introduction

• br Materials and methods br Results The

  2024-11-12

  

  Materials and methods Results The average body weights for each group of mice over the course of the study are shown in Fig. 2A. The average body weights of the mice in the saline control group and PACAP group increased slightly during the study. In contrast, starting at day 17, the body weigh

• Extracellular adenosine acts as a local

  2024-11-12

  

  Extracellular adenosine acts as a local modulator of cell function via four adenosine receptor subtypes (A1Rs A2AR, A2BR, and A3R) that are involved in numerous physiological and pathophysiological processes [31]. Each is encoded by a separate gene and has different functions, although with some ove

• br Functional consequences of ADK regulation on astrocyte fu

  2024-11-12

  

  Functional consequences of ADK regulation on astrocyte function As outlined above (see introduction), ADK critically regulates the extracellular adenosine levels in L-690,330 (Boison, 2006, Etherington et al., 2009). Changes in the levels of adenosine, as a result of the regulation of ADK expres

• Pasireotide While it is known that circulating LDL C levels

  2024-11-11

  

  While it is known that circulating LDL-C levels are largely regulated by either controlling the rate of hepatic production of its triglyceride-rich precursor VLDL particle or the rate of LDLR-mediated LDL particle clearance [58], it should be noted that important differences exist between rodents an

• GABAB receptor is associated with brain and

  2024-11-11

  

  GABAB receptor is associated with Aprotinin and behavioral diseases, including epilepsy, spasticity, anxiety and neuropathic pain (Bettler et al., 2004, Bowery et al., 2002, Froestl, 2010). Baclofen, a clinical drug and selective GABAB receptor agonist, is used to treat muscle spasticity in patient

• For the TSH receptor signaling at the Golgi

  2024-11-11

  

  For the TSH receptor, signaling at the Golgi/trans-Golgi network appears required for both rapid effects of TSH − such as reverse transcriptase inhibitors depolymerization, which is implicated in thyroglobulin reuptake and, thus, thyroid hormone release − and late ones, such as those on gene transc

• The following are the supplementary data

  2024-11-11

  

  The following are the supplementary data related to this article. Competing interest Ethics approval and consent to participate Authors' contributions Acknowledgements The authors thank Dr. D. R. Kaplan for kind advice and materials derived from NB primary cell lines, Dr. F. D. Miller f

• Inflammations lead to the perturbation

  2024-11-11

  

  Inflammations lead to the perturbation of aromatase enzyme [112], which normally is responsible for a broad array of critical functions. Chemotherapy targets this enzyme, so this treatment option is never side-effect-free and not fully-effective. Therefore, the mankind should be careful so as not to

• br Conclusions In summary the

  2024-11-11

  

  Conclusions In summary, the present results showed that ageing diminished arginase activity only in clearance tissues and that l-arginine supplementation did not induce major changes in arginase activity thus refuting a role of arginase in the potential deleterious effects of l-arginine supplemen

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