• Programmed cell death via apoptosis is associated with a

  2019-08-21

  

  Programmed cell death via apoptosis is associated with a series of morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell shrinkage, the rapid increase of intracellular calcium, nuclear condensation, DNA fragmentation and the formation of apoptotic bodies. Known as a shared feature of most ap

• Therapeutic options targeting intrahepatic resistance

  2019-08-21

  

  Therapeutic options targeting intrahepatic resistance are very limited. Theoretically, the NO-cGMP pathway may be influenced at several sites. Yet, most strategies did not reach clinical practice or yielded disappointing results, such as activators of soluble guanylate cyclase [14], NO releasing der

• Similarly to other investigations the present study found

  2019-08-21

  

  Similarly to other investigations, the present study found that ZEA in high concentrations decreases viability of both normal (Liu et al., 2018, Zheng et al., 2018a, Zheng et al., 2018b) and cancer L-161,982 calculator (Khosrokhavar et al., 2009, Kowalska et al., 2017). The toxic effect of ZEA obse

• br Conflict of interest br Acknowledgments

  2019-08-21

  

  Conflict of interest Acknowledgments This work was supported in part by grants from the , Spain (INCITE08PXIB203092PR). VGM was supported by a FPU pre-doctoral scholarship from the , Spain. MLR was supported in part by a crowdfunding campaign (PRECIPITA), coordinated by the Spanish Foundation

• The development and activation of T cells play

  2019-08-21

  

  The development and activation of T ZM 306416 formula play an important role in the progression of atherosclerosis. As for activation and differentiation of T cells, TCR signalling pathway is pivotal. ZAP70 plays a crucial role in formulation of TCR–microclusters, initiation of TCR signalling pathw

• br Disclosures br Acknowledgements This work was supported i

  2019-08-21

  

  Disclosures Acknowledgements This work was supported in part by grants from the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Spain (SAF2010-22051) and Xunta de Galicia, Spain (INCITE08PXIB203092PR). Introduction Ca is a key element in cardiac excitation–contraction (EC) coupling. In each heartbeat,

• Collectively the results presented here provide new insights

  2019-08-20

  

  Collectively, the results presented here provide new insights into ligand binding, clustering, spatial distribution, and phosphorylation of DDR1b and DDR2 in response to soluble collagen I. As depicted in the cartoon of Scheme 1, we postulate a model in which the spatial distribution and assembly of

• There is a considerable molecular genetic heterogeneity

  2019-08-20

  

  There is a considerable molecular genetic heterogeneity within ES/PNET. As mentioned above, either or can rearrange with in these gene fusions. Furthermore, for either gene fusion, additional heterogeneity stems from the location of the genomic breakpoints of the translocation, resulting in diffe

• br Structure and function of EPAC isoforms EPACs

  2019-08-20

  

  Structure and function of EPAC isoforms EPACs are guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) for the Ras-like GTPases Rap1 and Rap2 [9]. There are two mammalian EPAC isoforms, EPAC1 and EPAC2 1, 2 (Figure 1). Whereas EPAC1 displays a wide tissue distribution, the expression of EPAC2 is more restr

• br Conclusion The past few

  2019-08-20

  

  Conclusion The past few years have witnessed substantial progress in understanding the structural mechanisms of substrate recognition and the reactions catalyzed by the O-GlcNAc-cycling enzymes, but more work remains. In particular, future research will be needed to establish how OGT and OGA inte

• The Acat gene was identified by functional complementation o

  2019-08-20

  

  The Acat1 gene was identified by functional complementation of a Chinese hamster ovary cell mutant lacking ACAT activity [12]. Unlike most other genes, human Acat1 is located in two different chromosomes, formyl peptide receptors 1 and 7, with each site containing a distinct promoter: chromosome 1

• br Introduction Our understanding of how ligands interact

  2019-08-20

  

  Introduction Our understanding of how ligands interact with G protein coupled receptors is evolving, particularly the recognition that some have the ability to preferentially activate a subset of intracellular signalling cascades – so called pathway biased ligands [1]. Additionally, it is now acc

• The role of activation of xenosensor nuclear receptors such

  2019-08-20

  

  The role of activation of xenosensor nuclear receptors such as PPARα, CAR, and PXR in producing hepatomegaly and liver tumors in rodents has been well-established (Klaunig et al., 2003, Lake, 2009). In the case of PPARα, the increase in liver weight results from increased peroxisomal mass and expans

• GSK2334470 It has only recently been appreciated that antige

  2019-08-20

  

  It has only recently been appreciated that antigen-activated GSK2334470 undertake two additional transient migrations during the early stages of T-dependent antibody responses. In the first of these, antigen-activated B cells migrate rapidly (within 2–3h) to the outer regions of the follicle before

• Consistent with a clear separation of biological function

  2019-08-20

  

  Consistent with a clear separation of biological function between ARISC and BRISC in cells, mutations in BRCC36 and Abraxas are prevalent in cancer genomes whereas mutations in KIAA0157 are rare. A survey of the Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC) consortium, revealed that to date, 37

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