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The inflammatory cytokine IL is an additional factor that
2024-10-23
The inflammatory cytokine IL-6 is an additional factor that has been hypothesized to contribute to epinephrine-mediated repression of drug detoxifying proteins such as CYP3A4 (Aninat et al., 2008). Indeed, this CYP is well-known to be repressed by IL-6 (Dickmann et al., 2011) and epinephrine has pr
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AMPK is an essential player in adiponectin signaling pathway
2024-10-23
AMPK is an essential player in adiponectin signaling pathway that regulates energy metabolism. The fact that suppression of AMPK activity by compound C largely diminished candesartan-mediated inhibition of NFκB via blocking AT1 also suggests that the AT1-mediated effect is at least partly resulted f
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Regarding the HT B receptors they
2024-10-23
Regarding the 5-HT1B receptors, they act as terminal receptors and are involved in the presynaptic regulation of the release of 5-HT. But at spinal level these receptors are principally situated post-synaptically (Sari, 2004). The ability of autoreceptors to regulate extracellular levels of 5-HT dur
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br Experimental procedure br Introduction
2024-10-23
Experimental procedure Introduction Migraine is a debilitating neurovascular disorder characterized by recurring unilateral pulsating headaches of moderate to severe intensity, associated with nausea, photophobia and/or phonophobia, lasting from 4 to 72 h (Headache Classification Committee of
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Renal Cell Carcinoma RCC is a lethal cancer with bad
2024-10-23
Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) is a lethal cancer with bad prognosis due to development of chemoresistance and recurrence of an aggressive tumor with increased tumor-angiogenesis and metastasis [7]. We have found Axl and Gas6 to be differentially presented in RCC subtypes, and Axl to correlate to tumor
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br Author contributions br Conflict of interest br
2024-10-23
Author contributions Conflict of interest Acknowledgements This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81502276), Major Projects of Science and Technology of Health and Family Planning Commission of Hunan Province (A2017013), the Natural Science Foundation o
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br Dual role of autophagy in human diseases
2024-10-23
Dual role of autophagy in human diseases Emerging evidence suggests that autophagy serves as a double-edged sword in several human diseases, such as CNS diseases (Rubinsztein et al., 2015), arteriosclerosis (Schrijvers et al., 2011) and cancer (Ozpolat and Benbrook, 2015). Likewise, currently the
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Although we have achieved a great
2024-10-23
Although we have achieved a great deal of success in the development of tools to understand autophagy in health and disease, highly specific reagents for autophagy manipulation and deep knowledge of autophagy is required to advance the research in therapeutic treatment. Better disease (ischemia) ani
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In our previous report salivary arginase levels were found
2024-10-22
In our previous report, salivary arginase levels were found to be higher in periodontitis patients compared to healthy controls (Ozmeriç, Elgün, & Uraz, 2000). However, only one study has investigated arginase ezyme in saliva in patients with dental implants in which smokers were also included. An i
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Autocrine regulations of several adipokines
2024-10-22
Autocrine regulations of several adipokines (e.g., leptin and resistin) on adipocytes have been reported (Karastergiou and Mohamed-Ali, 2010, Ye et al., 2010). Several lines of evidence have shown that apelin influences adipocyte functions, such as, lipolysis and glucose uptake (Dray et al., 2008, Y
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Although the gene that encodes DHFR has been strongly
2024-10-22
Although the gene that encodes DHFR has been strongly conserved during evolution, subtle differences in the active sites of bacterial, human and parasite Idarubicin HCl have been exploited to develop DHFR inhibitors specific to particular pathogens 1, 3. For example, pyrimethamine and cycloguanil bi
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Plant defensins are cysteine rich cationic peptides of kDa
2024-10-22
Plant defensins are cysteine-rich cationic peptides of 5–8 kDa whose mature domain comprises 45 to 54 amino GSK2269557 residues, with an isoelectric point around 9. The global fold of plant defensins consists of a cysteine-stabilized motif (CSα/β) made up of an α-helix and a triple-stranded β-sheet
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Interestingly metabolic dysfunction is also observed
2024-10-22
Interestingly, metabolic dysfunction is also observed in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Patients and mouse models of familial ALS exhibit higher levels of resting AB1010 expenditure and lower fat-free mass, indicating a hypermetabolic phenotype. Lim et al. (2012) found that reducing AMPK acti
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WKY and SHR strains have important differences
2024-10-22
WKY and SHR strains have important differences mainly in their sympathetic status but also in the activity of the RAS. The development of hypertension in SHR is clearly related to an increase in sympathetic activity [51], [11]. In addition, increased renal sympathetic nerve activity led to an increa
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Modulating the ability of tumor cells to
2024-10-22
Modulating the ability of tumor T7 High Yield Cy5 RNA to detoxify ROS is a key mechanism by which cysteine metabolism affects tumor cell survival. One study observed hypermethylation of cysteine dioxygenase (CDO1) in 60% of tested breast cancer samples, leading to increased ROS detoxification and t
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